Bielefeldt - Symbolic Representation in Kants Practical Philosophy, Theology, philosophy and the history of ideas

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Symbolic Representation in Kant’s Practical Philosophy
This is the first book to explore in detail the role that symbolic rep-
resentation plays in the architecture of Kant’s philosophy. Symbolic
representation fulfills a crucial function in Kant’s practical philoso-
phy because it serves to mediate between the unconditionality of the
categorical imperative and the inescapable finiteness of the human
being. By showing how the nature of symbolic representation affects
all areas of the practical philosophy – moral philosophy, legal phi-
losophy, philosophy of history, and philosophy of religion – Heiner
Bielefeldt offers a unique perspective on how these various facets of
Kant’s philosophy cohere.
Heiner Bielefeldt is Privatdozent at the University of Bremen and
Hochschuldozent at the University of Bielefeld.
Symbolic Representation in Kant’s
Practical Philosophy
HEINER BIELEFELDT
University of Bielefeld
Contents
Citations and Translations
page
ix
Acknowledgments
xiii
I INTRODUCTION
1 The Paradox of Liberalism: A Preliminary Observation
1
2 The Unconditioned Within the Human Condition
4
3 Symbolic Representation in Kant’s Works
5
4 Toward a Critical Metaphysics
7
5 Overview of the Book
10
II KANT’S SOCRATIC ENLIGHTENMENT
1 Leavingthe State of Tutelage
14
2 Philosophy in the Service of Enlightenment
17
3 The Example of Socrates
20
A The Primacy of the Practical Use of Reason
20
B Socratic Midwifery
21
C Opposition to Sophistry
23
4 The Critical Method
26
5 Symbolic Representation of the Unconditioned
32
III THE LAW OF FREEDOM
1 The “Fact of Reason”
40
A The Non-Deducibility of the Fact of Reason
42
B The Obtrusiveness of the Fact of Reason
43
v
vi
Contents
C The Rationality within the Fact of Reason
44
D The Uniqueness of the Fact of Reason
45
2 The Law of Nature as a Symbol of the Moral Law
47
3 Humanity as an End in Itself
53
4 Respect Before the Moral Law
58
5 The Symbolic Significance of Nature in Practical
Philosophy
66
IV HOW TO FIND ORIENTATION IN MORAL PRACTICE
1 Moral Self-Legislation through Maxims
68
2 The Development of Maxims as a LearningProcess
71
3 The Highest Good as a Comprehensive Horizon of
Meaning
78
4 The Fundamental Ends of Morality
81
A One’s Own Perfection
82
B The Happiness of Others
86
5 Social Duties
88
A Politeness as Symbolic Role Playing
88
B Respecting and Promoting the Order of Rights
93
C Toward an Ethical Community
94
V THE ORDER OF RIGHTS AS A SYMBOL
OF HUMAN DIGNITY
1 Preliminary Remark on the Meaningof “Recht”
96
2 “The Apple of God’s Eye”
97
3 Legal Freedom as an Institutionalized Recognition of
Autonomy
101
4 Freedom, Equality, Independence
104
5 The United Lawgiving Will of the People
107
6 Separation of Powers
110
7 The Need for Political Criticism
114
VI TRACES OF PURPOSIVENESS IN NATURE AND HISTORY
1 Mediatingbetween Freedom and Nature
117
2 Critical Teleology
119
3 The Symbolic Significance of the Beautiful in Nature
121
4 Hopingfor Progress in History
125
5 “Unsocial Sociability”
131
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