Best Plants for 30 Tough Sites, bonzai

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he Best
Plants For
30 Tough
Sites
Minnesota’s Master Gardeners share their 30 years of experience in teaching in Minnesota
Edited by Mary Meyer, Deb Brown and Mike Zins, Extension Horticulturists, University of Minnesota.
 Best Plants for 30 Tough Sites
Introduction
About the University of
Minnesota Master Gardeners
his bulletin is written in celebration of 30 years of Master Gardener teaching in Minnesota. Here are the
BEST plants for 30 tough garden sites: dry shade, slopes, lakeshores, all locations that call for tough, durable
plants. Also included are hard-to-ind plant lists of special traits and useful characteristics: self-seeding, fra-
grance, long-blooming, minimal litter trees. And who better to recommend these plants than the University
of Minnesota Extension Service Master Gardeners? Drawing on their 30 years of teaching and experience,
Master Gardeners list here their selections for these tough sites.
he University of Minnesota Extension
Service Master Gardeners are volunteers
who teach horticulture throughout the
state. More than 5,000 Master Gardeners
have taken the training, started in 1977 by
Mike Zins, now retired U of M Extension
Horticulturist. About 2,500 are currently
active volunteers teaching in schools, nursing
homes, community education programs,
community gardens, farmers’ markets, at
county fairs and the state fair and answering
phone and email questions. Most counties
in Minnesota have active Master Gardeners
that extend the research-based gardening
information from the University of Minnesota
to the public. To contact a Master Gardener
near you or to learn more about the program
and how you can become a Master Gardener,
see
www.mg.umn.edu
.
For more gardening
information see:
www.extension.umn.edu
.
Inside you will ind answers to these tough questions:
What can I plant under a black walnut?
What will grow in alkaline soil?
What is a good small tree for a boulevard?
What tree is good for my compacted soil?
What will grow in dry shade, under trees?
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1977
2007
30 Years of Master Gardener Teaching
Table of Contents
Alkaline Soil ................................................................. 4
Annuals 3 Feet or More................................................. 5
Annual Vines hat Grow Quickly................................. 6
Boulevard Gardens: Perennials ..................................... 7
Boulevard Gardens: Small Trees ................................... 8
Broadleaf Evergreens for USDA Zone 4 ........................ 9
Clay Soil ....................................................................... 10
Cold Tolerant Annuals.................................................. 11
Compacted Sites: Trees ................................................. 12
Crevice Plants ............................................................... 13
Deer Resistant Plants .................................................... 14
Dry Soil: Annual Foliage Plants .................................... 15
Dry Soil: Shade or Under Trees..................................... 16
Dry Soil: Trees .............................................................. 17
Fragrant Annuals and Perennials .................................. 18
Fragrant Shrubs ............................................................ 19
Indoor Low Light.......................................................... 20
Knot Gardens ............................................................... 21
Lakeshore Native Plants................................................ 22
Long-Blooming Perennials............................................ 24
Rain Garden Plants....................................................... 25
River Banks and Canoe Public Access Areas ................. 28
Self-Seeding Perennials ................................................. 29
Septic Mound Plants ..................................................... 30
Shade: Shrubs ............................................................... 31
Shade: Small Trees ........................................................ 32
Shade: Tall Perennials ................................................... 33
Steep Slopes .................................................................. 34
Trees hat Produce Minimal Litter............................... 35
Under a Black Walnut Tree ........................................... 36
top:
Home vegetable
gardens need full sun and
well-drained soil. Speciic
vegetable plants and herbs for
alkaline soils and near black
walnut trees are listed in this
publication.
middle:
Crimson Pigmy
barberry, background, toler-
ates alkaline soil, is deer resis-
tant and can be pruned for
knot gardens. Blue oatgrass
(middle) and hardy chry-
santhemums (foreground)
are additional choices for
boulevard gardens and sunny
dry sites.
bottom:
he Rain Garden
at the Minnesota Landscape
Arboretum handles water
runof from several large
parking lots.
References ..................................................................... 38
Alkaline Soil
In general, ornamental grasses
are tolerant of alkaline pH;
there are many to choose
from including native grasses.
Herbs such as wormwood,
Artemisia absinthium
; borage,
Borago oicinalis
; chamomile,
Chamaemelum nobile
; parsley,
Petroselinum crispum
; and
thyme,
hymus
spp., grow
well in alkaline conditions.
Legumes such as beans and
peas, peppers, and spinach are
good vegetables to grow in
high pH soils.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Height
Comments
Trees & Shrubs
Acer saccharinum
silver maple
45-75’
Fast growing, brittle wood; yellow fall color; most conditions.
Aesculus glabra
buckeye
20-40’
Attractive palmately compound leaves; yellow/orange/red fall color.
Berberis thunbergii
barberry
2-5’
Spreads 2-5 ft.; colorful foliage in summer and fall.
Celtis occidentalis
hackberry
40-60’
Large shade tree for tough sites.
Cotinus coggygria
smokebush
6-15’
Produces showy smoky-silver to pink panicles July - Sept.
Cotoneaster lucidus
cotoneaster
8-10’
Small pink lowers; black fruit; excellent for hedge and xeriscape.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
green ash
40-60’
Vigorous growth habit.
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis
honeylocust
30-60’
hornless varieties are best; rapid grower; provides iltered shade.
Hydrangea arborescens
hills of snow hydrangea
3-5’
Spreads 3-5 ft.; mop-head blooms of pink in alkaline soil.
Hydrangea paniculata
panicle hydrangea
6-8’
Showy white to pinkish blooms in summer.
Juniperus horizontalis
creeping juniper
1-2’
Excellent groundcover; tough and dependable on poor soils.
Juniperus chinensis
Chinese juniper
2-6’
Gold to green foliage depending on variety; best in full sun.
Ostrya virginiana
ironwood
25-40’
Interesting hoplike fruits in fall and brown leaves add winter interest.
Pinus nigra
Austrian pine
50’
Spreads to 20 ft.; vigorous, dense grower; dark green.
Potentilla fruticosa
bush cinquefoil
2-3’
Long bloom season; lowers white, pink, gold or yellow.
Prunus virginiana
chokecherry
20-40’
Native tough smaller tree; white lowers in early spring.
Quercus macrocarpa
bur oak
40-60’
Easy to grow; drought tolerant; long-lived.
Syringa vulgaris
lilac
8-15’
Reliable, fragrant spring lowers.
Viburnum
spp.
viburnum
4-18’
Many excellent varieties; white lowers; colorful fall berries.
Perennials & Vines
Achillea
spp.
‘Emerald Triumph’ viburnum is
a U of M introduction that grows
quickly to 6-0’.
yarrow
18”-3’
Drought tolerant; attractive fern-like foliage and lat topped bloom.
Astilbe
x
arendsii
or
A. chinensis
astilbe
15-36”
Long bloom season; spikes of white, pink, lavender or red; moist soil.
Clematis
spp.
clematis
5-15’
Excellent blooming vine; many colors and bloom times; shade roots.
Compiled by Esther Filson,
Washington County Mas-
ter Gardener. Alkaline soil is
common in Minnesota. Many
Master Gardeners, including
Esther, a Master Gardener for 25
years, have had plenty of experi-
ence with alkaline soils. his list
includes some of the best plants
for soils with a pH of 7.0-8.0.
Dianthus barbatus
sweet William
8”
Biennial; white and pink fragrant lowers; self-seeds like perennial.
Echinacea purpurea
conelower
2-3’
Great native perennial; prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Hemerocallis
spp.
daylily
1-3’
Tough; long season of daily bloom; many lower colors.
Heuchera sanguinea
coral bells
12-24”
Blooms early to mid-summer on spikes of brightly colored lowers.
Hosta
spp.
hosta
4”-4’
Hundreds of varieties of this hardy shade plant.
Lonicera
spp.
honeysuckle
10-20’
Colorful tubular lowers from June to Sept; attracts hummingbirds.
Phlox subulata
creeping phlox
4-8”
Low growing spring bloomer; foliage makes good edging plant.
Phlox paniculata
garden phlox
3-4’
Dependable showy lowers; wide range of colors; midsummer to fall.
Salvia nemorosa
salvia
8-24”
Flower spikes in early summer; rebloom if deadheaded.
Annuals 3 Feet or More
Botanical Name
Common Name
Height
Soil Type
Exposure*
Comments
Abutilon
x
hybridum
lowering maple
3-6’
all
PS
Attractive lowers; frost tender shrub; some varieties have variegated leaves.
Amaranthus caudatus
love-lies-bleeding
2-4’
all
S
Coloful foliage; trailing rope or chennille-like lowers.
Antirrhinum majus
snapdragon
2-4’
all
S
‘Rocket’, ‘Bright Butterlies’ and ‘Supreme Double’ are tall; frost tolerant.
Borage oicinalis
borage
2-4’
rich, moist soil
S
Hairy foliage; nodding blue lowers.
Cleome hasslerana
cleome, spider lower
4-6’
all, dry
S, PS
Large 6-7” rounded lower clusters; reseeds freely.
Cosmos bipinnatus
cosmos
4-6’
all, dry
S, PS
Lacy ine foliage; good cut lower.
Datura metel
horn-of-plenty; angel’s trumpet
2-3’
all, dry
S, PS
Large, trumpet lowers; all plant parts are poisonous.
Consolida
spp.
larkspur
1-4’
moist
S
Tall spikes of lowers often need staking; good cut lower.
Helianthus annuus
sunlower
2-10’
well-drained
S
Showy lowers; birds love seeds; many cultivars.
Hibiscus acetosella
red-leaf hibiscus
4-6’
all, dry
S
Rich burgundy-black maple-like foliage.
Lavatera trimestris
annual mallow
2-6’
all
S
Showy lowers bloom all summer.
Nicotiana sylvestris
lowering tobacco
4-6’
all, dry
S, PS
Large fragrant lowers attract hummingbirds; showy coarse foliage; self-
seeds.
Pennisetum setaceum
fountaingrass
3-4’
all, dry
S
Pink fuzzy lower spikes; ‘Rubrum’ has dark purple lowers and foliage.
Persicaria orientale
kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate
6-9’
all
S
Pendulous pink lowers; self-seeds.
Ricinis communis
castor bean
3-8’
moist
S
Huge leaves; all parts poisonous, especially seeds.
Salvia guaranitica
blue sage; black & blue salvia
3-4’
all
S
Attracts bees, butterlies; ‘Indigo Spires’ is a sterile hybrid.
Solenostemon scutellarioides
coleus
1-4’
moist
S, PS
Newer cultivars are sun tolerant; needs water and fertilizer.
Strobilanthes dyerianus
Persian shield
3-4’
all
S, PS
Heat tolerant; dramatic; foliage is iridescent green, purple and silver.
Tagetes erecta
African marigold
2-3’
all
S
Tall African mixed is one of the taller cultivars.
Tithonia rotundifolia
Mexican sunlower
4-6’
all, dry
S, PS
Daisy-like lowers attract butterlies.
Verbena bonariensis
verbena
3-4’
all, dry
S, PS
Tender perennial that freely self-seeds; butterly favorite.
Zinnia elegans
zinnia
3-4’
all, dry
S
Colorful; long-lasting; excellent cut lower; many cultivars.
New selections and cultivars of annuals today are often shorter and smaller. his
list includes several old-fashioned plants that have been grown for many years. Also
listed are taller cultivars of new and old favorites. hese taller annuals will make a
colorful addition to your garden and many can also be used for cut lowers.
Compiled by Paula Parker, Wright County Master Gardener. Paula has been a Master
Gardener for four years, answering questions about annuals and other gardening issues
along with the Wright County Master Gardeners who work on community gardens, teach-
ing in schools, and at the county fair.
‘Indigo Spires’ is a tall salvia that
blooms all summer.
New cultivars of sunlowers have a
variety of colors and forms, often with
branched, multiple lowers.
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